Abraham Lincoln's Program of Black Resettlement Part 2

This is a series of posts from the cited paper, I will try to divide it into many parts, put titles, and some illustration to fit in blogger and this Blog.

From The Journal of Historical Review, Sept.-Oct. 1993 (Vol. 13, No. 5), pages 4-25. 

                                                                                                                                      By Robert Morgan

Earlier Resettlement Plans

The view that America's apparently intractable racial problem should be solved by removing blacks from this country and resettling them elsewhere -- "colonization" or "repatriation" -- was not a new one. As early as 1714 a New Jersey man proposed sending blacks to Africa. In 1777 a Virginia legislature committee, headed by future President Thomas Jefferson (himself a major slave owner), proposed a plan of gradual emancipation and resettlement of the state's slaves. In 1815, an enterprising free black from Massachusetts named Paul Cuffe transported, at his own expense, 38 free blacks to West Africa. His undertaking showed that at least some free blacks were eager to resettle in a country of their own, and suggested what might be possible with public and even government support.

Advocates for resettlement:

In December 1816, a group of distinguished Americans met in Washington, DC, to establish an organization to promote the cause of black resettlement. The "American Colonization Society" soon won backing from some of the young nation's most prominent citizens. Henry Clay, Francis Scott Key, John Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Bushrod Washington, Charles Carroll, Millard Fillmore, John Marshall, Roger B. Taney, Andrew Jackson, Daniel Webster, Stephen A. Douglas, and Abraham Lincoln were members. Clay presided at the group's first meeting.

Measures to resettle blacks in Africa were soon undertaken. Society member Charles Fenton Mercer played an important role in getting Congress to pass the Anti-Slave Trading Act of March 1819, which appropriated $100,000 to transport blacks to Africa. In enforcing the Act, Mercer suggested to President James Monroe that if blacks were simply returned to the coast of Africa and released, they would probably be re-enslaved, and possibly some returned to the United States. Accordingly, and in cooperation with the Society, Monroe sent agents to acquire territory on Africa's West coast -- a step that led to the founding of the country now known as Liberia. Its capital city was named Monrovia in honor of the American President.

The voyage to Liberia

With crucial Society backing, black settlers began arriving from the United States in 1822. While only free blacks were at first brought over, after 1827, slaves were freed expressly for the purpose of transporting them to Liberia. In 1847, black settlers declared Liberia an independent republic, with an American-style flag and constitution.

By 1832 the legislatures of more than a dozen states (at that time there were only 24), had given official approval to the Society, including at least three slave-holding states. Indiana's legislature, for example, passed the following joint resolution on January 16, 1850.

Be it resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana: That our Senators and Representatives in Congress be, and they are hereby requested, in the name of the State of Indiana, to call for a change of national policy on the subject of the African Slave Trade, and that they require a settlement of the coast of Africa with colored men from the United States, and procure such changes in our relations with England as will permit us to transport colored men from this country to Africa, with whom to effect said settlement.

Reservation for Negroes: early plans

In January 1858, Missouri Congressman Francis P. Blair, Jr., introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives to set up a committee

to inquire into the expediency of providing for the acquisition of territory either in the Central or South American states, to be colonized with colored persons from the United States who are now free, or who may hereafter become free, and who may be willing to settle in such territory as a dependency of the United States, with ample guarantees of their personal and political rights.

Blair, quoting Thomas Jefferson, stated that blacks could never be accepted as the equals of whites, and, consequently, urged support for a dual policy of emancipation and deportation, similar to Spain's expulsion of the Moors. Blair went on to argue that the territory acquired for the purpose would also serve as a bulwark against any further encroachment by England in the Central and South American regions.

NYT writer is absolutely right: Delhi is literally a shithole; but so is all of India

From: http://www.firstpost.com/india/nyt-writer-absolutely-right-delhi-literally-shithole-india-2272904.html

Illustrated by: Franco TaMere

In his 1960 exploration of eastern mysticism, The Lotus and the Robot, Arthur Koestler compared the smell of Bombay to that of “a wet smelly diaper” wrapped around his head. Four years later, VS Naipaul was so revulsed about the filth in India that he wrote in an Area of Darkness that “Indians defecate everywhere” - beside the railway tracks, on the beaches, on the hills, on the riverbanks and on the streets. “They never look for cover,” he said with absolute disgust.

India was smarter than Koestler and Naipaul — it promptly banned both the books.

When the South Asia correspondent of New York Times, Gardiner Harris, wrote on 29 May (Holding Your Breath in India) — that Delhi is an unliveable place because of pollution and that he left the city to safeguard his son’s health, the outrage was similar. There was no possibility of banning an article on the Internet, but angry Indians took to social media and slammed Harris for being an elitist expat. Some said while he was over-protective over his child, he had scant regard for the Indian children in Delhi who had no option but to live there, little realising that his voice was that of a frustrated father, who doesn’t have to put his family through the perils of living in a dirty city.

Harris wrote: “Foreigners have lived in Delhi for centuries, of course, but the air and the mounting research into its effects have become so frightening that some feel it is unethical for those who have a choice to willingly raise children here. Similar discussions are doubtless underway in Beijing and other Asian megacities, but it is in Delhi — among the most populous, polluted, unsanitary and bacterially unsafe cities on earth — where the new calculus seems most urgent.”

He hits where it hurts. The capital of a super power aspirant, a country which is projected to become the world’s third biggest economy in 2020, has been described as “among the most populous, polluted, unsanitary and bacterially unsafe cities on earth”. He also goes on to add that out of the 25 worst polluted cities in the world, 13 are in India.

It’s remarkable that even after 50 years since Koestler and Naipaul refused to hold back their revulsion to the all-pervading filth in India, it still remains a humiliating truth that visitors find out the moment they set their foot in the country.

In his recent overseas tour, Prime Minister Narendra Modi claimed that earlier Indians felt ashamed of being born in India, but now they feel proud. Do they? His point was political. He thought that the change of government in India makes its people proud. But in reality, Indians should still be ashamed because outsiders find their country too filthy to live in; the filth that has permeated every state of matter — solid, liquid, gas and perhaps even plasma. It doesn’t befit a modern nation that’s apparently raring to go.

What Koestler and Naipaul wrote in the sixties and what Harris wrote in 2015 are not anecdotal, but are borne out by facts. According to WHO, India accounts for 90 percent of open defecation in South Asia and 59 percent of the practice in the world. It also accounts for more than twice the number of open defecations of the 18 countries that come after it in the WHO list.

WHO also says that close to 100 million Indians don’t have access to improved sources of water, which is not surprising because our waterways are filled with filth. According to Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) 2011-12 annual report, about 60 percent of India’s water-sources (which are routinely monitored) have poor “bio-chemical oxygen demand”, an indicator of organic pollution, and about 68 percent have faecal coliform — bacteria from shit.

In other words, more than 60 percent of our water sources are polluted with organic waste and faecal matter. This happens because untreated sewage, faeces and other organic wastes are led into rivers and ponds that Indians draw their water from. Industrial waste and toxic substances that are dumped into them on an hourly basis make them lethal. All major Indian rivers are polluted by industrial effluents and untreated sewage. In its report, the Pollution Control Board even specifically mentions how under-capacity sewage treatment plants let out raw filth into the rivers at various places.

In terms of air quality, the principal concern of Harris in Delhi, 79 percent of metropolitan cities have very high levels of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, both of which are the main causes of air pollution. Among the four metros, the presence of particulate matter in Delhi is a well-known story and is obviously rising compared to others. But Delhi is not alone, many other cities, including small towns are asphyxiating in their own emissions.

Delhiites can be peeved because Harris picked on their city while the rest of urban India is no different. It’s only a matter of degree of criticality (air pollution levels are classified as low, medium, hight and critical). The fact of the matter is that urban India is rotting and is sinking in its own filth.

Can the Prime Minister’s boutique project of “Swatch Bharat” change this?

Absolutely not, because the socio-economic determinants of this environmental degradation are far deeper than what’s apparent. With more than 42 percent of its population living in 53 cities, India’s urbanization is so skewed that it’s hard to provide a matching civic infrastructure and therefore untreated sewage will continue to flow into rivers, lakes, and open places. If the agriculture and rural employment continue to fail, it will get worse.

Without stopping open defecation, the spread of coliform and other parasites cannot be stopped. Without cracking down on crony-capitalists, including big corporates, the dumping of effluents into rivers and toxic gases into air will not stop. Without providing reliable public transport, the ambient air can never get clean.

And more importantly, all these are to be handled at the local level by the state governments and local bodies. Given the pathetic standards of governance and political priorities in some states, it’s a daunting task.

In the end, India’s filth is a metaphor for its overall ills that include poverty, inequality, castes, corruption, poor development policies and greed. It’s not a question of aesthetics, but a question of fundamental social change.

Mise au point

The introduction to TaMere Network videos was a little bit tending to be offending some religious believes, I didn't give it a lot of attention before, but recently I judged that some people may find it offending some of their croyance...so I adjusted it suppressing the controversial part, and I want to present my apology to whoever felt offended by that passage, even though my vids don't get a lot of traffic, just the fact that it was en line makes it targeting people souls and consciences...Basically Me as Franco TaMere or as Le Puniisher, as well as all my team member we don't advocate a specific religious belief, since religion is the way used by human beings to make peace with the creator, different forms been used since the beginning of time, more or less controversial, also religion is known for been used to manipulate and control stupid masses of people, often using and taking advantage of their primitive immature mind, the case of Christianity may be used in this case, believing in the virgin birth and that Jesus is Gods son is just a scenario that may be classed as paranormal, there was prophets and saints all along the History of Humanity, none of them claimed some scyfy stuff, people at that time were so naive, their mind so primitive, and docile and they accepted the idea that was transmitted through history, at that time there was ignorance, people believed in myths and Human kind mind wasn't as mature as today, people of that period will implement the Idea in their minds and as all other wrong interpretation to any event at that time, they stuck with the conclusion of the virgin birth, and Gods son, how naive people at that time was, they presume the Creator having a son, the parenthood and human procreation is not a divine traits, but for people of that time who believed in dragons and ghouls, it was easy for them to accept the Idea, at that time God wasn't known as le Creator as we know it today, but as a supreme being often personalized...

The logical extension to their naive mind is that he got a son, the Idea was accepted and widespread. Jesus was crucified it was a form of punishment that time, I doubt at that time even though the state of mind of people, that he will be crucified by the Romans if they believed that he is really Gods son, so basically the opinion must be divided, and it seems that he is a prophet like the many who was through Humanity history and that some of people at that time, upon the ambiguity of his birth and confused about the circumstance came to the naive conclusion that he is Gods son, Humanizing the creator, is just naive and stupid, even the more plausible explanation of the holy spirit, still humanizing God, which is inconceivable and a form of Paganism, which is not strange at that time...but when people at this time still hold on such belief, that's just none sense, one may argue, how do you want to change the foundation and bedrock of the Christian religion, people believed this since more than 2 millenniums and they are not ready to change, or maybe, they dont want to change this way of perception, because it serves their interests and agenda, religion been used to control and manipulate people since forever, war waged by the name of religion, people been submitted mentally and physically to the conqueror religion, the bizarre part is that people who are high placed in the religion sphere, are the less convinced and believer in what their religion preach...

I'm talking about Christianity, Islam and Jewish approaches are more reasonable than Christianity, plus the bible is in constant mutation adapting to the new era and the agenda to the high placed individual at the clergy, I had the chance to interact with some Christians, occupying preaching positions at some churches, ....and it seems that they don't believe what they preach at all, they do it as a duty, that's all, it seems that they do it to manipulate and control feeble minded people, genre minorities and color people, for a better control, same as in Jesus time, when there was naive people who believed that Jesus is Gods son, nowadays, there is people with the same state of mind that churches used by the government prey on, to take control of and manipulate, the example of submitting native Americans to Christianity, taking their land and making them second class citizens under control with a cross tattooed all over their body and hanged around their neck, and they are more faithful than white christian, because of their naivety and primitive etat d'esprit, the same example may be cited for Africans, converting them to Christianity was a good shortcut into controlling them.

Buddhism, I consider it a form of Paganism, and the same process been used to control Asians, Christian missionaries are so developed and improved over the years, to present an convincing even brainwashing presentation and conversion into Christianity.

P.S. My knowledge about religion is limited, some information presented in this article may not be accurate, best effort been made to present correct facts.

This article is intended to correct a passage that some may judged offensive and to present an overall idea about the religion as it evolved through History.

Here is the Intro video in it's both version, may tolerance and compassion guide our efforts.

DOWN LOW: A People of Color, Double Life, Style

DOWN LOW: Closet Homosexuality Among Minorities

Many Black and Hispanic men in Heterosexual Relationships have sex with other men Unbeknownst to their Wives or Girlfriends.

The "Down Low” is a Closeted Culture of Sex between Black Men who lead “Straight” Lives.

As a Person of Color, the President of the United States of America is on the Down Low as Well, his Status made the necessity of a Lie Detector to "spot the Signs"...The White House succeeded to hide the Down Low side of the President and hes leading a straight life no Question axed.

That explain the popularity of the President of color among Ghetto people and Minorities, they consider him as their leader and Idol, a double life on the down low is a respected life style among Ghetto people, Necessarily Blacks and Hispanics.

It's a  Topic that has until now remained Dangerously Taboo, machismo of Black and Latino males makes it a grave insult telling or just insinuating that their are having sexual intercourse with other men, while leading a strait life in public.

Although this lifestyle is not new. The regularity with which it occurs in the African-American community, was brought to the forefront in 2004 by J.L. King. An admitted down lower, King is the author of the best-seller On the Down Low: A Journey into the Lives of “Straight” Black Men Who Sleep with Men. The book not only exposed this contentious taboo, it opened African-Americans’ eyes to a subject they previously chose to ignore, but now can no longer deny its wide spread existence.

HIV infection among young Latino/and African Americans continues to mount. "On the down low," the code for the furtive same-sex sexual practices of young men who reject Gay or bisexual Identities, is the main reason.

When asked what actions they would take if they discovered their men were on the DL, Quiana and Cynthia had vastly different answers. “Like I said, having a piece of man in your life is better than having nothing at all,” Quiana reiterated.... This is the green light that all Black and Latino men use while having sex with other men....Incognito...(nope, nothing to do with sunglasses),  the Complicity of Black or Latina female is often had it counterpart in her attitude, Latina and Black females are well known of be making prostitution as normal source of income, either as full time or part time job.

“So, if I found out he was on the down-low, I’d ask him to make a decision as to whether he wanted to be with me or with men. If he chose me, then it’s all good. But if he decided that a man is more desirable, we could still hook up, but sex would be out of the Question.”

This phenomenon received the attention of African Americans but Latino communities have largely, ignored it. Based on ethnographic observations , and on postings in cyberspaces, the presence of Latino youth in "down Low" networks is Substantial.

Not surprisingly, a large number of men on the Down- Low refuse to characterize themselves as Gay or bisexual. Instead, they insist that they are Straight.

Machismo and being Gangsta are always clear Indications of wanting to be Homosexual (but not being able to because of Social Stigmas)... 

The more Macho or Gangsta you act, the more you want to stick a Pipe in any of your Orifices... That's why so many Black and Hispanic Women have AIDS...  Cause all those mofos are on the Down Low... 

The Down Low is not to be mixed with male prostitution; often Latino and Black male prostitutes live a straight life and consider their prostitution activity just a Job, a professional activity, nothing to do with private life. The term man-whore is often used in this case.

 People of Color are at the Core of the American Infrastructure, and they represent the bedrock of American Culture, since there is no White Culture other than the European one, American Culture may be represented by the Hip Hop and all the Cultural Elements popped out as a result of the wide spread Racial mix composing the People of Color and the American mentality and Spirit.

As a Result the down low phenomenon extension to other ethnic groups, will make America what we call today: Sodomites Nation.