Abraham Lincoln's Program of Black Resettlement Part 2

This is a series of posts from the cited paper, I will try to divide it into many parts, put titles, and some illustration to fit in blogger and this Blog.

From The Journal of Historical Review, Sept.-Oct. 1993 (Vol. 13, No. 5), pages 4-25. 

                                                                                                                                      By Robert Morgan

Earlier Resettlement Plans

The view that America's apparently intractable racial problem should be solved by removing blacks from this country and resettling them elsewhere -- "colonization" or "repatriation" -- was not a new one. As early as 1714 a New Jersey man proposed sending blacks to Africa. In 1777 a Virginia legislature committee, headed by future President Thomas Jefferson (himself a major slave owner), proposed a plan of gradual emancipation and resettlement of the state's slaves. In 1815, an enterprising free black from Massachusetts named Paul Cuffe transported, at his own expense, 38 free blacks to West Africa. His undertaking showed that at least some free blacks were eager to resettle in a country of their own, and suggested what might be possible with public and even government support.

Advocates for resettlement:

In December 1816, a group of distinguished Americans met in Washington, DC, to establish an organization to promote the cause of black resettlement. The "American Colonization Society" soon won backing from some of the young nation's most prominent citizens. Henry Clay, Francis Scott Key, John Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, Bushrod Washington, Charles Carroll, Millard Fillmore, John Marshall, Roger B. Taney, Andrew Jackson, Daniel Webster, Stephen A. Douglas, and Abraham Lincoln were members. Clay presided at the group's first meeting.

Measures to resettle blacks in Africa were soon undertaken. Society member Charles Fenton Mercer played an important role in getting Congress to pass the Anti-Slave Trading Act of March 1819, which appropriated $100,000 to transport blacks to Africa. In enforcing the Act, Mercer suggested to President James Monroe that if blacks were simply returned to the coast of Africa and released, they would probably be re-enslaved, and possibly some returned to the United States. Accordingly, and in cooperation with the Society, Monroe sent agents to acquire territory on Africa's West coast -- a step that led to the founding of the country now known as Liberia. Its capital city was named Monrovia in honor of the American President.

The voyage to Liberia

With crucial Society backing, black settlers began arriving from the United States in 1822. While only free blacks were at first brought over, after 1827, slaves were freed expressly for the purpose of transporting them to Liberia. In 1847, black settlers declared Liberia an independent republic, with an American-style flag and constitution.

By 1832 the legislatures of more than a dozen states (at that time there were only 24), had given official approval to the Society, including at least three slave-holding states. Indiana's legislature, for example, passed the following joint resolution on January 16, 1850.

Be it resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana: That our Senators and Representatives in Congress be, and they are hereby requested, in the name of the State of Indiana, to call for a change of national policy on the subject of the African Slave Trade, and that they require a settlement of the coast of Africa with colored men from the United States, and procure such changes in our relations with England as will permit us to transport colored men from this country to Africa, with whom to effect said settlement.

Reservation for Negroes: early plans

In January 1858, Missouri Congressman Francis P. Blair, Jr., introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives to set up a committee

to inquire into the expediency of providing for the acquisition of territory either in the Central or South American states, to be colonized with colored persons from the United States who are now free, or who may hereafter become free, and who may be willing to settle in such territory as a dependency of the United States, with ample guarantees of their personal and political rights.

Blair, quoting Thomas Jefferson, stated that blacks could never be accepted as the equals of whites, and, consequently, urged support for a dual policy of emancipation and deportation, similar to Spain's expulsion of the Moors. Blair went on to argue that the territory acquired for the purpose would also serve as a bulwark against any further encroachment by England in the Central and South American regions.

The Hair issue in America: From an evolutionary retrospective (Part 1)

Understanding the Evolution theory:

Evolution (or more specifically biological or organic evolution) is the change over time in one or more inherited traits found in populations of individuals. Inherited traits are distinguishing characteristics, for example anatomical, biochemical or behavioural, that are passed on from one generation to the next. Evolution occurs when there is variation of inherited traits within a population over time. The major sources of such inherited variants are mutation, genetic recombination and gene flow. Evolution has led to the diversification of all living organisms from a common ancestor.

Evolution of the great apes:

Species close to the last common ancestor of gorillas, chimpanzees and humans may be represented by Nakalipithecus fossils found in Kenya and Ouranopithecus found in Greece. Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees (genusPan) split off from the line leading to the humans; human DNA is approximately 98.4% identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms (see human evolutionary genetics).

The modern theory concerning the evolution of man proposes that humans and apes derive from an apelike ancestor that lived on earth a few million years ago. The theory states that man, through a combination of environmental and genetic factors, emerged as a species to produce the variety of ethnicities seen today, while modern apes evolved on a separate evolutionary pathway.

...Also--and somewhat confusingly--it seems that later archosaurs (like Desmatosuchus) coexisted with the earliest dinosaurs (like Eoraptor and Herrerasaurus). In evolutionary terms, this poses no contradiction: evolved animals often wind up living side-by-side with the (relatively unevolved) descendants of their "progenitor" species. But it does pose a problem to paleontologists trying to definitively classify Triassic-period fossils.

The Afro Hair From a Bio-Evolutionary Perspective

"Black People Are Less Intelligent than Everyone Else"   - Dr. James Watson

Black people

The term black person is used in systems of racial classification for humans of a dark skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups.

Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and often social variables such as class, socio-economic status also plays a role so that relatively dark skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of whiteness and relatively light skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for blackness. As a biological phenotype being "black" is often associated with the very dark skin colors of some people who are classified as 'black'. But, particularly in the United States, the racial classification also refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have African ancestry and exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African-American". Therefore, the term 'black people' is not an indicator of skin color but of racial classification.

Dark skinned people; Our distant evolutionary cousins. (bro!)

Dark-skinned people evolved in isolation from other groups, under different sets of selective pressures, physical variations that are different in combination from any other group. To give you an idea of how varied it is, when you look at the degree of genetic diversity in humans around the world, what you find is a disproportionate concentration in Africa, found in the various tribes and ethnic groupings there. Groups of people left Africa and colonized the rest of the world, but of four main branches in the human lineage (based on mitochondrial DNA), only one branch moved out of Africa to populate the rest of the continents.

Dark skin

The evolution of dark skin is linked intrinsically to the loss of body hair in humans. By 1.2 million years ago, all people having descendants today had the same receptor protein of today's Africans; their skin was dark, and the intense sun lowered the chance of survival of those with lighter skin that resulted from mutational variation in the receptor protein. This is significantly earlier than the speciation of Homo sapiens from Homo Erectus some 250,000 years ago.

Hair:

The texture of hair in people of Sub-Saharan African ancestry is noticeably different from that of Eurasian populations, as noted by Herodotus.

The specific characteristics of the natural afro-hair form are unique among all mammals.The texture likely predates the evolution of dark skin. It evolved when, as pre-human Australopithecines lost most of their fur to enable perspiration, the need to protect the newly exposed pale skin underneath this body hair was crucial, the trait ceased to be essential to survival at the equator upon the evolution of hairless dark skin. Yet it has continued to be expressed vestigially among most Melanesians, Andaman Islanders, and sub-Saharan Africans.

Consequence of this Evolutionary deficit:

Negros evolutionary deficit which simply is the fact that they didn’t advanced much from the stage of homo erectus as homo s. Sapien or modern human does, they stagnated at an quasi primate stage which is characterized by more strength, bigger arms and relative bigger upper body and small brain and limited mental abilities...As a result those characteristics will be at the root of the failure of the educational system in America, since the standards been lowered progressively to adapt to primates students, as a result this state of mind will expand and shape American Education as we know it today...=> based on primates intelligence standards.

It’s a harsh cold world:

Negros adapting their evolutionary deficit to modern humans’ society.

Negroes, as a reaction to a mixed milieu, they've got to improve their image and to lose the primates look characteristics, different methods been used to achieve a more presentable look:

A variation of the Afro hair is resulting by Cross-breeding with caucasians.

They were typically the children of white planters, or their sons or overseers, who had relationships with or had raped and impregnated, enslaved women. By the 18th century in Virginia, travelers already noted the high rate of mixed-race people, and many shades of color found among slaves. There were traveler reports of "white slaves", meaning those who looked white and had only a small part of African ancestry.

Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, fathered a second family with his slave girl, Sally Hemings.

Let's EVOLVE!

The main issues of evolution of Negroes is their hair, the hair represent the main visible evolutionary deficit of the Black race, along with the skin, which they may compensate by the (tanning excuse)

Wigs, hair straitening and all kinds of skin bleaching and Hair treatment is a flourishing industry because of Negros evolutionary deficit.

The use of Wigs by Black females CHALLENGES Darwin Theory of Evolution.

Wigs and skin bleaching products represent the “visible missed link” between modern Humans and Homo-Erectus.

A simple Wig can make a Black female cross hundreds of thousands of years of the Human evolutionary process.

"Wigs let black females beat the Evolution theory of the origin of species; a Negra can cross hundreds of thousands of years of the evolutionary process just by wearing a wig."   

                       

The Hair issue in America: a cultural and Historical dimension

The Hair issue among females of color is a characteristic of the American society. It is a cultural trait of the African American community; as a step ahead from the Afro-hair of the civil rights movement and the post segregation era into assimilation and a more presentable look, by all kinds of alternative to the Afro hair.

The Afro-hair, representing an era of social subordination.

African Americans today, consider themselves more melting into the texture of the American society  by all kinds of wigs and alternative to the afro hair, thinking of it as a step ahead into the "white wanna be" syndrome they are suffering from, While in reality they look like clowns, or Negro females walking around with an Indian woman's hair.

The Hair issue among females of colors in America, will reach another dimension by the exportation of the image of Michelle Obama as the first lady of color to the world.

As a natural reaction to save the reputation of the White House and of America in general; fortunes will be spent on the first Negra’s hair in an attempt to present the image of America as a multi-color nation in a decent way to the world.

 Repercussion of the Hair issue on the world's situation. 

This is the symbolic picture of the infusion of the soul into the Homo S. Sapien after it reached an certain degree of evolutionary process, it is a marking step in the history of humanity, since obviously there is no creation but intelligent design and "controlled" evolution, the infusion of the soul or the light will open the Homo S. Sapien into new , perspective, marking a decisive line between 2 sides. The Homo Erectus, stagnant in the evolutionary phase in Africa wont get that divine gift, explaining the evolutionary gap at the roots of biggest humanity issues nowadays, including, but not limited to the disparity if distribution of wealth, the gap in mental and economic development. The transatlantic slave trade will be a decisive point in defining humanity actual state, mixing seeds in America reached dramatic levels, the darkness took over, along with native Americans remains and Jews, whom, even though you can't place them in the same level as the evolutionary level of Africans, were historically subordinate, creating opportune condition to the corruption of their soul. The overall result is the American empire as we know incarnation of the Zionist regime or the doctrine of darkness in its path of revenge of Homo S. Sapiens infused by Gods soul.

“Obama’s America Is Planet Of Apes”

Glenn Beck compared Obama’s America to “the damn Planet of the Apes,” Thursday during a rant against the president’s praise for the AFL-CIO.

Beck made the comparison while trying to blame union support of strong pensions for the nation’s high unemployment rate. He doesn't like that former SEIU president Andy Stern sits on the president’s panel on deficit reduction.